House Scoreboard - 2020 - Alabama-California

NAME	PARTY	INCUMBENT/ CHALLENGER	STATE, DISTRICT	Start date in Congress	Pro Israel Score	Pro Palestine Score	LIFETIME CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PRO-ISRAEL PACS	PAC ENDORSEMENTS 2020	<= SCORE	H.Res.1173 - Honoring legacy of Yitzhak Rabin	H.R.8494 - Middle East defense sales & Israel's QME	H.Res.1131 - Against so-called Martyrs' Fund	H.Res.1110 - Support "treaties" with Bahrain & UAE	H.R.8050 - Israeli annexation non-recognition	H.R.7900 - Organ donation clarification	H.R.7850 - Assess Iran's support for military forces in Middle East	H.R.7617 - DoD appropriations for FY2021	H.R.7613 - Energy & Water appropriations for FY2021	H.R.7608 - DoS appropriations for FY2021	H.R.7148 - US-Israel military collaboration	H.R.6829 - US-Israel medical collaboration incl. COVID	H.R.6392 - Facilitate entry of Israeli (& other allies) military to US for training	H.Res.855 - US should join Int'l Criminal Court (not defend its & Israel's war crimes)	H.Res.837 - Helping Europe combat "anti-Semitism" (incl. criticism of Israel)	H.R.5605 - US-Israel PTSD collaborative study	H.R.5595 - Israel Anti-Boycott Act	H.Res.782 - Encourage education on Holocaust, anti-Semitism history, importance of Israel	H.Res.727 - Support Israel's right to defend itself from terrorists	H.R.5063 - US-Israel collaboration in anti-drone technology	H.R.4411 - Funding for Iron Dome, conditional aid to Palestine	H.R.4156 - America Stands With Israel Act (quick transfer of weapons to Israel)	H.R.4009 - Anti-Semitism Awareness Act	H.Res.518 - "The only solution to the Israel-Palestine issue is a two-state solution"	H.Res.138 - Supporting two-state solution & better Israel-Arab relations	H.Res.496 - Boycott is a protected right under 1st Amendment	H.R.3186 - US needs Iron Dome, should buy them from Israel	H.R.3104 - To encourage Isr-Pal joint economic ventures (to end Palestinian violence)	H.R.2488 - To consider partnering with Israel on cybersecurity	H.R.2407 - No US money to detain & torture Palestinian children	H.Res.326 - Support for two-state solution	H.Res.324 - Encourages ongoing & expanded economic relationship with Israel	H.R.2343 - Requires reporting on the presence of incitement to violence in Palestinian textbooks	H.Res.310 - Acknowledge IDF's help in bringing humanitarian aid to Syrians	H.Res.314 - To rush H.R.336 through with limited discussion time	H.Res.258 - Congratulates Israel & Egypt on 40th anniversary of peace treaty	H.R.1837 - Authorizes DoS to develop laser weapons with Israel (and more)	H.R.1850 - Sanctions for Palestinian "terrorist groups"	H.Res.246 - Opposes boycott because it "delegitimizes" Israel	H.R.1820 - Authorizes Israel to work with USAID (US Agency for Int'l Development)	H.R.1795 - Authorizes DoD to develop laser weapons with Israel (and more)	H.Res.241 - Condemns comments critical of Israel by Ilhan Omar as "anti-Semitic"	H.Res.183 - Condemns anti-Semitism and Islamophobia	H.R.1459 - US-Israel collaboration on security & law enforcement training	H.R.1372 - Recognizes Israeli "sovereignty" over Syrian Golan Heights	H.R.943 - "Never Again Education Act" supports Holocaust education in schools	H.Res.72 - Rejects anti-Semitic & anti-Israel hate around the world	H.R.336 - "Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act"	H.Res.12 - Affirms Jews' connection to Jerusalem, condemns UNESCO's "attempt to deny" it	H.R.28 - To prohibit US aid to countries that oppose the US at the UN	H.R.221 - "Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act"
!META-KEY							THE BUCK STOPS RIGHT HERE [$]			[III] SPONSOR [II] Cosponsor [I] AYE VOTE (N/A INDICATES SENATOR WAS NOT IN OFFICE AT TIME OF BILL)IncumbentChallengerDemocratRepublicanGreenLibertarianIndependentPro-IsraelPro-PalestineNeutral
!META-FULLTITLE										H.Res.1173 - Honoring legacy of Yitzhak Rabin	H.R.8494 - Middle East defense sales & Israel's QME	H.Res.1131 - Against so-called Martyrs' Fund	H.Res.1110 - Support "treaties" with Bahrain & UAE	H.R.8050 - Israeli annexation non-recognition	H.R.7900 - Organ donation clarification	H.R.7850 - Assess Iran's support for military forces in Middle East	H.R.7617 - DoD appropriations for FY2021	H.R.7613 - Energy & Water appropriations for FY2021	H.R.7608 - DoS appropriations for FY2021	H.R.7148 - US-Israel military collaboration	H.R.6829 - US-Israel medical collaboration incl. COVID	H.R.6392 - Facilitate entry of Israeli (& other allies) military to US for training	H.Res.855 - US should join Int'l Criminal Court (not defend its & Israel's war crimes)	H.Res.837 - Helping Europe combat "anti-Semitism" (incl. criticism of Israel)	H.R.5605 - US-Israel PTSD collaborative study	H.R.5595 - Israel Anti-Boycott Act	H.Res.782 - Encourage education on Holocaust, anti-Semitism history, importance of Israel	H.Res.727 - Support Israel's right to defend itself from terrorists	H.R.5063 - US-Israel collaboration in anti-drone technology	H.R.4411 - Funding for Iron Dome, conditional aid to Palestine	H.R.4156 - America Stands With Israel Act (quick transfer of weapons to Israel)	H.R.4009 - Anti-Semitism Awareness Act	H.Res.518 - "The only solution to the Israel-Palestine issue is a two-state solution"	H.Res.138 - Supporting two-state solution & better Israel-Arab relations	H.Res.496 - Boycott is a protected right under 1st Amendment	H.R.3186 - US needs Iron Dome, should buy them from Israel	H.R.3104 - To encourage Isr-Pal joint economic ventures (to end Palestinian violence)	H.R.2488 - To consider partnering with Israel on cybersecurity	H.R.2407 - No US money to detain & torture Palestinian children	H.Res.326 - Support for two-state solution	H.Res.324 - Encourages ongoing & expanded economic relationship with Israel	H.R.2343 - Requires reporting on the presence of incitement to violence in Palestinian textbooks	H.Res.310 - Acknowledge IDF's help in bringing humanitarian aid to Syrians	H.Res.314 - To rush H.R.336 through with limited discussion time	H.Res.258 - Congratulates Israel & Egypt on 40th anniversary of peace treaty	H.R.1837 - Authorizes DoS to develop laser weapons with Israel (and more)	H.R.1850 - Sanctions for Palestinian "terrorist groups"	H.Res.246 - Opposes boycott because it "delegitimizes" Israel	H.R.1820 - Authorizes Israel to work with USAID (US Agency for Int'l Development)	H.R.1795 - Authorizes DoD to develop laser weapons with Israel (and more)	H.Res.241 - Condemns comments critical of Israel by Ilhan Omar as "anti-Semitic"	H.Res.183 - Condemns anti-Semitism and Islamophobia	H.R.1459 - US-Israel collaboration on security & law enforcement training	H.R.1372 - Recognizes Israeli "sovereignty" over Syrian Golan Heights	H.R.943 - "Never Again Education Act" supports Holocaust education in schools	H.Res.72 - Rejects anti-Semitic & anti-Israel hate around the world	H.R.336 - "Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act"	H.Res.12 - Affirms Jews' connection to Jerusalem, condemns UNESCO's "attempt to deny" it	H.R.28 - To prohibit US aid to countries that oppose the US at the UN	H.R.221 - "Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act"
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!META-ID	PARTY	STATUS	STATE	INAUGURATION	SCORE-I	SCORE-P	CONTRIBUTIONS	PAC-ENDORSE	META-SCORE	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-P]	BILL [PRO-X]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	Hres782 [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-X]	RES [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-P]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-P]	RES [PRO-X]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	RES [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]	BILL [PRO-I]
!META-DESC							CONTEXT: According to Open Secrets, the current House candidate who is the top lifetime recipient of donations from pro-Israel PACs XXX, with $X,XXX,XXX; the lowest is XXX with $XX. All donations listed here took place between 1989 and the current cycle. Data for the current cycle were released by the Federal Election Commission on XXX, XXX XX, 2020. This information is from the Center for Responsive Politics. The 14 pro-Israel PACS are 1. J-Street 2. Republican Jewish Coalition 3. Pro-Israel America 4. S Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace 5. NorPAC 6. Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs 7. To Protect Our Heritage 8. US Israel PAC 9. National Action Committee 10. Democratic Majority for Israel 11. Maryland Association for Concerned Citizens 12. American Principles 13. SunPAC 14. Americans United in Support of Democracy SOURCE	A political action committee (PAC) is an organization that raises money privately to influence elections or legislation, especially at the federal level. They endorse candidates and help raise money for them. There are currently 14 pro-Israel PACs; one of them - J-Street - is supportive of some pro-Palestinian positions. SOURCE		Introduced: 10/09/20 Sponsor: Dean Phillips (D-MN-3) Cosponsors: 29 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 10/01/20 Sponsor: Brad Schneider (D-IL-10) Cosponsors: 18 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 09/21/20 Sponsor: Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ-5) Cosponsors: 4 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 09/15/20 Sponsor: Eliot Engel (D-NY-16) Cosponsors: 379 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 08/14/20 Sponsor: Betty McCollum (D-MN-4) Cosponsors: 11 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-PALESTINE HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Palestine points for sponsoring 3 pro-Palestine points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Palestine points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Israel points for Nay	Introduced: 07/31/20 Sponsor: Matt Cartwright (D-PA-8) Cosponsors: 10 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR NEUTRAL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 2 pro-Israel points and 2 pro-Palestine points for sponsoring 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for Nay	Introduced: 07/29/20 Sponsor: Brad Schneider (D-IL-10) Cosponsors: 9 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 07/16/20 Sponsor: Peter Visclosky (D-IN-1) Cosponsors: 0 roll call vote Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 07/15/20 Sponsor: Marcy Kaptur (D-OH-9) Cosponsors: 0 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 07/13/20 Sponsor: Nita Lowey (D-NY-17) Cosponsors: 0 roll call vote Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 06/11/20 Sponsor: Joe Wilson (R-SC-2) Cosponsors: 6 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 05/12/20 Sponsor: Chris Pappas (D-NH-1) Cosponsors: 242 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/25/20 Sponsor: Michael Waltz (R-FL-6) Cosponsors: 1 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/10/20 Sponsor: Ilhan Omar (D-MN-5) Cosponsors: 0 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-PALESTINE HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Palestine points for sponsoring 2 pro-Palestine points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Palestine points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Israel points for Nay	Introduced: 02/21/20 Sponsor: William Keating (D-MA-9) Cosponsors: 9 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/14/20 Sponsor: Michael Waltz (R-FL-6) Cosponsors: 105 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/13/20 Sponsor: Lee Zeldin (R-NY-1) Cosponsors: 64 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/09/20 Sponsor: Ted Budd (R-NC-13) Cosponsors: 5 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 11/21/19 Sponsor: Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ-5) Cosponsors: 39 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 11/13/19 Sponsor: Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ-5) Cosponsors: 3 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 09/19/19 Sponsor: Ted Budd (R-NC-13) Cosponsors: 0 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 08/02/19 Sponsor: Mark Meadows (R-NC-11) Cosponsors: 0 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 07/25/19 Sponsor: Doug Collins (R-GA-9) Cosponsors: 26 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 07/24/19 Sponsor: Alan Lowenthal (D-CA-47) Cosponsors: 1 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR NEUTRAL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 2 pro-Israel points and 2 pro-Palestine points for sponsoring 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for Nay	Introduced: 07/17/19 Sponsor: Alcee Hastings (D-FL-20) Cosponsors: 37 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 07/16/19 Sponsor: Ilhan Omar (D-MN-5) Cosponsors: 18 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 06/10/19 Sponsor: Mikie Sherrill (D-NJ-11) Cosponsors: 2 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 06/05/19 Sponsor: Nita Lowey (D-NY-17) Cosponsors: 60 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 05/02/19 Sponsor: David Cicilline (D-RI-1) Cosponsors: 7 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 04/30/19 Sponsor: Betty McCollum (D-MN-4) Cosponsors: 24 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-PALESTINE HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Palestine points for sponsoring 3 pro-Palestine points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Palestine points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Israel points for Nay	Introduced: 04/25/19 Sponsor: Alan Lowenthal (D-CA-47) Cosponsors: 192 roll call vote Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR NEUTRAL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 2 pro-Israel points and 2 pro-Palestine points for sponsoring 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Israel point & 1 pro-Palestine point for Nay	Introduced: 04/18/19 Sponsor: Ted Lieu (D-CA-33) Cosponsors: 3 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 04/18/19 Sponsor: Brad Sherman (D-CA-30) Cosponsors: 18 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 04/10/19 Sponsor: Brian Mast (R-FL-18) Cosponsors: 14 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 04/10/19 Sponsor: Lee Zeldin (R-NY-1) Cosponsors: 1 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/27/19 Sponsor: Gerald Connolly (D-VA-11) Cosponsors: 1 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/21/19 Sponsor: Ted Deutch (D-FL-22) Cosponsors: 292 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/21/19 Sponsor: Brian Mast (R-FL-18) Cosponsors: 44 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/21/19 Sponsor: Brad Schneider (D-IL-10) Cosponsors: 351 roll call vote Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/18/19 Sponsor: Lois Frankel (D-FL-21) Cosponsors: 2 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/14/19 Sponsor: Ted Lieu (D-CA-33) Cosponsors: 4 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/14/19 Sponsor: Greg Steube (R-FL-17) Cosponsors: 5 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 03/07/19 Sponsor: Jamie Raskin (D-MD-8) Cosponsors: 1 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 02/28/19 Sponsor: Mark Meadows (R-NC-11) Cosponsors: 2 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 02/26/19 Sponsor: Mike Gallagher (R-WI-8) Cosponsors: 58 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/31/19 Sponsor: Carolyn Maloney (D-NY-12) Cosponsors: 302 roll call vote Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/23/19 Sponsor: Lee Zeldin (R-NY-1) Cosponsors: 107 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/08/19 Sponsor: Michael McCaul (R-TX-10) Cosponsors: 69 Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/03/19 Sponsor: Joe Wilson (R-SC-2) Cosponsors: 8 Read the text here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE RESOLUTIONS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 3 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 1 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 1 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/03/19 Sponsor: Louie Gohmert (R-TX-1) Cosponsors: X Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay	Introduced: 01/03/19 Sponsor: Christopher Smith (R-NJ-4) Cosponsors: 87 roll call vote Read the bill here. Further Reading SCORING KEY FOR PRO-ISRAEL HOUSE BILLS: (Each flag symbol represents 1 point) 4 pro-Israel points for sponsoring 3 pro-Israel points for cosponsoring 2 pro-Israel points for voting Yay where there was a roll call vote 2 pro-Palestine points for Nay
James Averhart	D	challenger	Alabama 01	N/A
Jerry Carl	R	challenger	Alabama 01	N/A
Barry Moore	R	challenger	Alabama 02	N/A
Phyllis Harvey-Hall	D	challenger	Alabama 02	N/A
Mike Rogers	R	incumbent	Alabama 03	2002			$146,625						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor					Cosponsor														Nay
Adia Winfrey	D	challenger	Alabama 03	N/A				Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs,	II
Robert Aderholt	R	incumbent	Alabama 04	1996			$55,498						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay																					Nay
Rick Neighbors	D	challenger	Alabama 04	N/A
Mo Brooks	R	incumbent	Alabama 05	2010			$14,500						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay									Cosponsor												Nay
[no challenger]			Alabama 05
Gary Palmer	R	incumbent	Alabama 06	2014			$28,670						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay																					Nay
[no challenger]			Alabama 06	N/A
Terri Sewell	D	incumbent	Alabama 07	2011			$42,500						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Yea
[no challenger]			Alabama 07
Don Young	R	incumbent	Alaska at-large	1973			$4,900						Cosponsor		Cosponsor		Nay		Nay																					Nay
Alyse Galvin	I	challenger	Alaska at-large	N/A
Tom O'Halleran	D	incumbent	Arizona 01	2016			$26,250	Pro-Israel America, Democratic Majority for Israel,	IIII				Cosponsor				Yea		Nay		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Tiffany Shedd	R	challenger	Arizona 01	N/A
Ann Kirkpatrick	D	incumbent	Arizona 02	2018			$140,337	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Nay		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Cosponsor, Yea
Brandon Martin	R	challenger	Arizona 02	N/A
Raúl Grijalva	D	incumbent	Arizona 03	2002			$67,583	J-Street	IP					Cosponsor			Yea		Nay																Cosponsor				Cosponsor	Cosponsor, Yea
Daniel Wood	R	challenger	Arizona 03	N/A
Paul Gosar	R	incumbent	Arizona 04	2010			$26,175						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay						Cosponsor															No Vote
Delina DiSanto	D	challenger	Arizona 04	N/A
Andy Biggs	R	incumbent	Arizona 05	2016			$17,420						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay							Cosponsor														Nay
Joan Greene	D	challenger	Arizona 05	N/A
David Schweikert	R	incumbent	Arizona 06	2010			$54,850						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor				Cosponsor									Cosponsor						Nay
Hiral Tipirneni	D	challenger	Arizona 06	N/A
Ruben Gallego	D	incumbent	Arizona 07	2014			$12,718						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Joshua Barnett	R	challenger	Arizona 07	N/A
Debbie Lesko	R	incumbent	Arizona 08	2018			$19,445						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor					Cosponsor														Nay
Michael Muscato	D	challenger	Arizona 08	N/A
Greg Stanton	D	incumbent	Arizona 09	2018			$9,840						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor												Cosponsor	Cosponsor		Yea
Dave Giles	R	challenger	Arizona 09	N/A
Rick Crawford	R	incumbent	Arkansas 01	2010			$1,000						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor																			Nay
[no challenger]			Arkansas 01
French Hill	R	incumbent	Arkansas 02	2014			$3,500						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor																Cosponsor			Nay			Cosponsor
Joyce Elliott	D	challenger	Arkansas 02	N/A
Steve Womack	R	incumbent	Arkansas 03	2010			$5,000						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Nay
Celeste Williams	D	challenger	Arkansas 03	N/A
Bruce Westerman	R	incumbent	Arkansas 04	2014			$2,600						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor																			Nay
William Hanson	D	challenger	Arkansas 04	N/A
Doug LaMalfa	R	incumbent	California 01	2012			$0						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay																					Nay
Audrey Denney	D	challenger	California 01	N/A
Jared Huffman	D	incumbent	California 02	2012			$33,470										Yea		Nay		Cosponsor				Cosponsor												Cosponsor			Cosponsor, Yea
Dale Mensing	R	challenger	California 02	N/A
John Garamendi	D	incumbent	California 03	2009			$94,600	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Nay																					Cosponsor, Yea
Tamika Hamilton	R	challenger	California 03	N/A
Tom McClintock	R	incumbent	California 04	2008			$0	American Principles,	II				Cosponsor				Nay		Nay																					Nay
Brynne Kennedy	D	challenger	California 04	N/A
Mike Thompson	D	incumbent	California 05	1998			$45,550						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Scott Giblin	R	challenger	California 05	N/A
Doris Matsui	D	incumbent	California 06	2005			$24,050						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Chris Bish	R	challenger	California 06	N/A
Ami Bera	D	incumbent	California 07	2012			$169,554	J-Street	IP	Cosponsor	Cosponsor		Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Buzz Patterson	R	challenger	California 07	N/A
Jay Obernolte	R	challenger	California 08	N/A
Christine Bubser	D	challenger	California 08	N/A
Jerry McNerney	D	incumbent	California 09	2006			$88,582						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Tony Amador	R	challenger	California 09	N/A
Josh Harder	D	incumbent	California 10	2018			$83,717	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Cosponsor, Yea
Ted Howze	R	challenger	California 10	N/A
Mark DeSaulnier	D	incumbent	California 11	2014			$14,400						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																Cosponsor				Cosponsor	Cosponsor, Yea
Nisha Sharma	R	challenger	California 11	N/A
Nancy Pelosi	D	incumbent	California 12	1987			$555,832	S Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace,	II								Yea		Yea
Shahid Buttar	D	challenger	California 12	N/A
Barbara Lee	D	incumbent	California 13	1998			$43,802	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																				Cosponsor	Cosponsor, Yea
Nikka Piterman	R	challenger	California 13	N/A
Jackie Speier	D	incumbent	California 14	2008			$88,065						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Ran Petel	R	challenger	California 14	N/A
Eric Swalwell	D	incumbent	California 15	2012			$129,626	Americans United in Support of Democracy	II				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor													Cosponsor				Cosponsor		Cosponsor, Yea
Alison Hayden	R	challenger	California 15	N/A
Jim Costa	D	incumbent	California 16	2004			$202,526	Maryland Association for Concerned Citizens,	II	Cosponsor	Cosponsor		Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor			Cosponsor	Cosponsor			Cosponsor												Yea
Kevin Cookingham	R	challenger	California 16	N/A
Ro Khanna	D	incumbent	California 17	2016			$36,703	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Nay		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Ritesh Tandon	R	challenger	California 17	N/A
Anna Eshoo	D	incumbent	California 18	1992			$77,325	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																		Cosponsor			Cosponsor, Yea
Rishi Kumar	D	challenger	California 18	N/A
Zoe Lofgren	D	incumbent	California 19	1994			$47,800						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea						Cosponsor										Cosponsor					Cosponsor, Yea
Justin Aguilera	R	challenger	California 19	N/A
Jimmy Panetta	D	incumbent	California 20	2016			$0				Cosponsor		Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Cosponsor, Yea
Jeff Gorman	R	challenger	California 20	N/A
TJ Cox	D	incumbent	California 21	2018			$49,829	J-Street, Democratic Majority for Israel	IIIP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor												Cosponsor			Cosponsor, Yea
David Valadao	R	challenger	California 21	N/A
Devin Nunes	R	incumbent	California 22	2002			$12,900						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay																					Nay
Phil Arballo	D	challenger	California 22	N/A				J-Street	IP
Kevin McCarthy	R	incumbent	California 23	2006			$236,630	Republican Jewish Coalition, Pro-Israel America,	IIII				Cosponsor				Nay		Nay																					Nay
Kim Mangone	D	challenger	California 23	N/A
Salud Carbajal	D	incumbent	California 24	2016			$37,815						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Andy Caldwell	R	challenger	California 24	N/A
Mike Garcia	R	incumbent	California 25	Sponsor:			$59,839	Republican Jewish Coalition, American Principles,	IIII				Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor
Christy Smith	D	challenger	California 25	N/A				Democratic Majority for Israel,	IIII
Julia Brownley	D	incumbent	California 26	2012			$99,331	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Ronda Kennedy	R	challenger	California 26	N/A
Judy Chu	D	incumbent	California 27	2009			$35,350						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor														Cosponsor					Cosponsor, Yea			Cosponsor
Johnny Nalbandian	R	challenger	California 27	N/A
Adam Schiff	D	incumbent	California 28	2000			$375,656	S Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace, Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs,	IIII				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor												Cosponsor			Cosponsor, Yea
Eric Early	R	challenger	California 28	N/A
Tony Cárdenas	D	incumbent	California 29	2012			$71,964						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Angelica Duenas	R	challenger	California 29	N/A
Brad Sherman	D	incumbent	California 30	1996			$561,170	Pro-Israel America, NorPAC,	IIII	Cosponsor	Cosponsor		Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor									Cosponsor						Cosponsor, Yea		Sponsor	Cosponsor
Mark Reed	R	challenger	California 30	N/A
Pete Aguilar	D	incumbent	California 31	2014			$122,736	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Agnes Gibboney	R	challenger	California 31	N/A
Grace Napolitano	D	incumbent	California 32	1998			$4,500						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Joshua Scott	R	challenger	California 32	N/A
Ted Lieu	D	incumbent	California 33	2014			$137,545	Pro-Israel America,	II		Cosponsor		Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor									Cosponsor			Cosponsor			Cosponsor, Yea	Sponsor
James Bradley	R	challenger	California 33	N/A
Jimmy Gomez	D	incumbent	California 34	2017			$0						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Cosponsor, Yea
David Kim	R	challenger	California 34	N/A
Norma Torres	D	incumbent	California 35	2014			$11,973						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Mike Cargile	R	challenger	California 35	N/A
Raul Ruiz	D	incumbent	California 36	2012			$89,461	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Erin Cruz	R	challenger	California 36	N/A
Karen Bass	D	incumbent	California 37	2010			$68,967	J-Street	IP	Cosponsor			Cosponsor		Cosponsor		Yea		Yea															Cosponsor					Cosponsor	Cosponsor, No Vote
Errol Webber	R	challenger	California 37	N/A
Linda Sánchez	D	incumbent	California 38	2002			$104,170						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Michael Tolar	D	challenger	California 38	N/A
Gil Cisneros	D	incumbent	California 39	2018			$63,381	J-Street	IP		Cosponsor		Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Young Kim	R	challenger	California 39	N/A				Republican Jewish Coalition,	II
Lucille Roybal-Allard	D	incumbent	California 40	1992			$13,000			Cosponsor			Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Cosponsor, Yea
Antonio Delgado	R	challenger	California 40	N/A				Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs, Maryland Association for Concerned Citizens,	IIII
Mark Takano	D	incumbent	California 41	2012			$63,830	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea																					Cosponsor, Yea
Aja Smith	R	challenger	California 41	N/A
Ken Calvert	R	incumbent	California 42	1992			$20,750						Cosponsor				Nay		Nay		Cosponsor																			Nay
Liam O'Mara	D	challenger	California 42	N/A
Maxine Waters	D	incumbent	California 43	1990			$4,500										Yea		Yea																				Cosponsor	Cosponsor, Yea
Joe Collins	R	challenger	California 43	N/A
Nanette Barragán	D	incumbent	California 44	2016			$10						Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Anililia Joya	D	challenger	California 44	N/A
Katie Porter	D	incumbent	California 45	2018			$138,646	J-Street, Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs,	IIIP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor				Cosponsor															Cosponsor, No Vote
Greg Raths	R	challenger	California 45	N/A
Lou Correa	D	incumbent	California 46	2016			$9,500						Cosponsor			Cosponsor	Yea		Yea																					Yea
James Waters	R	challenger	California 46	N/A
Alan Lowenthal	D	incumbent	California 47	2012			$55,996			Cosponsor			Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor												Sponsor	Cosponsor			Cosponsor			Sponsor, Yea
John Briscoe	R	challenger	California 47	N/A
Harley Rouda	D	incumbent	California 48	2018			$84,735	J-Street, Democratic Majority for Israel,	IIIP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Michelle Steel	R	challenger	California 48	N/A				Republican Jewish Coalition,	II
Mike Levin	D	incumbent	California 49	2018			$110,746	J-Street	IP				Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Brian Maryott	R	challenger	California 49	N/A
Darrell Issa	R	challenger	California 50	N/A				American Principles,	II
Ammar Campa-Najjar	D	challenger	California 50	N/A				J-Street	IP
Juan Vargas	D	incumbent	California 51	2012			$93,450	Pro-Israel America,	II	Cosponsor			Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Yea			Cosponsor
Juan Hidalgo	R	challenger	California 51	N/A
Scott Peters	D	incumbent	California 52	2012			$120,659	J-Street	IP	Cosponsor			Cosponsor				Yea		Yea		Cosponsor																			Cosponsor, Yea
Jim DeBello	R	challenger	California 52	N/A
Georgette Gomez	D	challenger	California 53	N/A				Democratic Majority for Israel, Maryland Association for Concerned Citizens,	IIII
Sara Jacobs	D	challenger	California 53	N/A

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2020 House Scoreboard – Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California
This table was last updated: November 2, 2020 6:54 am

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Welcome

The House Scoreboard is brought to you by If Americans Knew. We’ve brought together voting records on Israel/Palestine for all Representatives up for reelection and their challengers. You can view each persons’ records or check out the efforts of the House as a whole, with plenty of places to click for further information.

Scores: Each act of sponsoring, cosponsoring, and roll-call voting has been tallied, and individuals have been assigned a final score based on the number of actions they took for Israel or for Palestine. (It’s important to note that the bar is set low for “pro-Palestine” actions. In some cases an individual may have sponsored or voted for some of these bills because they considered it beneficial to Israel.)

For more information on the bills go here.

Where possible, we have provided links to background information to help you gain a deep understanding of the issue as a whole, or the specific topic of each bill or resolution. [For information on the Libertarian & Green Parties, see the article on Israel Palestine News.]

(As you view this, please keep in mind the current and past facts about this issue that are often missing from US news coverage.)

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